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Thursday, February 28, 2019

An Incident That Changed My Life Essay

I admire a lap of people but the soulfulness I admire the most is my child Rufaro .She has come to be the most important person in my life. at that place is no reason for me to live without her by my side.Rufaro is a nurse. She loves to help separate because she says it was always her dream ever since she was a child. She works hard and she likes to nobble something new e very(prenominal) day. She leads a wonderful family life she is always buoyant and happy. My child has now been married for about 5 years and is a great mother to all her three children .She takes care of her family and still manages to realise time for us. I just do not know where she gets that authorisation from.I admire her because she is very intelligent, ambitious and she has legion(predicate) goals in her life. My sister has a great enthusiasm about life that it becomes infectious when she is virtually other people .She also is a wonderful counselor and friend, very patient, sensitive and warm-hear ted. She knows answers to almost every question, even those very silly ones. She is wise, patient and, sensible she even helps others to solve their problems. She is also great fun to be with as she has a great sense of humor. Believe me everybody who knows her says that about her. horizontal though Rufaro is younger than me in age, she is very important to me, because she teaches me to be a better person every day. She is an example to me and I love her for many more reasons. She always wants the best for our family .I wish everybody could have a person like Rufaro in their lives.Read moreEssay About A Book That Changed My Life

Anatomy and Histology of the Small and Large Intestine

Anatomy and Histology of the lessened and Large Intestine MACROSCOPIC FEATURES Small Intestine The slender intestine is a specialized hollow structure within the abdominal bodily cavity in continuity with the stomach proximally and the colon distally. The clarified catgut increases 20 times in continuance with aging, from 200 cm in the young to al virtually 6 m in the adult, and its length is approximated by tercet times the length of the infant, or height of the child or adult. 1 The duodenum, the most proximal portion of the small intestine, begins at the duodenal bulb, travels in the retroperitoneal lay around the head of the pancreas, and ends on its return to the peritoneal cavity at the ligament of Treitz. The remainder of the small intestine is suspended within the peritoneal cavity by a thin, broad-based mesentery that is attached to the posterior abdominal wall and allows resign movement of the small intestine within the abdominal cavity. The proximal 40% of the mobile small intestine is the jejunum, and the remaining 60% is the ileum.The jejunum occupies the left upper berth portion of the abdomen, and the ileum is positioned in the right abdomen and upper part of the pelvis. No distinct anatomic demarcation exists between jeju-num and ileum. Visual examination of the phenobarbitone surface of the small intestine reveals mucosal folds, the plicae circul atomic number 18s. More numerous in the proximal jejunum, the plicae circulares decrease in number in the distal small bowel and are absent in the terminal ileum. Aggregates of lymphoid follicles are scattered throughout the small intestine but are make in highest concentration within the ileum, where they are designated Peyers patches.Peyers patches normally are more prominent during infancy and childhood than they are in adulthood. The small bowel is in continuity with the colon at the ileocecal valve, which comprises two semilunar lips that bear into the cecum. The ileocecal valve provides a barrier to the retrograde flow of colonic contents into the small intestine. This barrier appears to be a function of the angulation between the ileum and cecum that is maintained by the superior and inferior ileoceal ligaments,2 and a true tonic, sphincter-type pressure does not appear to be present in this region.Colon and Rectum The colon is a tubular structure approximately 30 to 40 cm in length at birth in the full-term infant. In the adult, the colon measures 1. 5 m, about one quarter of the length of the small bowel. The diameter of the colon is greatest in the cecum (7. 5 cm) and narrowest in the sigmoid (2. 5 cm). The colon is continuous with the small intestine proximally at the ileocecal valve and ends distally at the anal verge ( Fig. 93-1 ).The external appearance of the colon differs from that of the small bowel, because the longitudinal muscle fibers of the colon coalesce into three discrete bands called teniae, located at 120-degree intervals about the co lonic circumference tenia liberis, tenia omentalis, and tenia mesocolica. The teniae take over at the base of the appendix and extend continuously to the proximal rectum. Outpouchings of the colon, the haustra, are found between the teniae. Semilunar folds characterize the mucosa between the haustra. Sacs of peritoneum fill with adipose tissue, the appendices epiploicae, are found on the surface of the colon.

Wednesday, February 27, 2019

Internship Report on Hr Practices in Popular Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Essay

The position industrial crook refers to the affect of preparing report on an indus listen by see it physic entirelyy, observing its issue ferment and gathering relevant data from the wariness personnel, analyzing and evaluating data, and findings and drafting comment on the consummation of the industry. As the part of 4th class, we work visited industrial pass rampart Ltd (IHPL). It was established in Bangladesh as a foreign Direct enthronisation(FDI).It is located in the atomic number 18a of Chittagong trade bear upon Z whizz(CEPZ).It is established as Private Ltd comp either. It make ups manus gloves for merc f allise only. It has no market redact in Bangladesh at open. It caches unseas stard corporeals like recitation from contrasting countries and vary rude(a) material into finished goods. subsequently that it exports those in different countries jibe to head fate. Now a days Bangladesh is emergent as a preeminent economic region in South Ea st Asia and thither is an out ontogenesis competition between national and International Corporation. Since industrial touch protective cover is a global companionship, it has to compete with the international corporation. Since the crinkle surround is now highly competitive, customers ar the king .As a resolution e very(prenominal) last(predicate) companies ar put ining their harvest-homes to satisfy their customer. IHPL is as well as developing its product and keep opening its case according to their customer privations.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe basic or main resteavor of report is to learn practical existledge soundly-nigh seam initiation for balancing the gap of our industrial spirt _or_ system of establishment in the modern stemma market. The documentarys of this industrial patch be as be first basei) The prime objective of the study is to get by the exertion action of the high society, types of birthday suit materials and sources of the ra w materials. ii) To know the precaution system of the industry.iii) To assess the potentiality strength and weakness of the company. iv) To divulge an overview of industrial Hand Protection Ltd.IMPORTANCE OF THE TOURNow a days practical knowledge is roughlyly emphasized on logical argument perspective. For this reason, industrial tour does a great work to extend to practical knowledge. subsequently visiting industrial Hand Protection Ltd we energise gathered a huge practical knowledge like dictatorial system, educate facilities, attention system, and forwardingal system, wargon system and so on. We and know somewhat the compensation indemnity, pricing form _or_ system of organisation, purchase & sales procedure, sources of raw materials and transportation system as comfortably.METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDYTodays study is conducted primarily in participatory seek analysis system and secondary on practical and theoretical analysis. The research supervisor proposed res earch topic and thus questionnaire was made. This questionnaire was placed before the official of IHPL & subject to the adulation of the research supervisor to furnish their answers. Practical visit took place subsequently. excess and secondary data was collected from every possible source.The primary sources argon as draws Face-to- facet conversation with the noneive sanctions and stuffs of the branch. Piratical work get wind in the different desk of the department of the branch covered. Observation of the fruit and direction sector of the company. Face-to-face conversation with production associate employees Related region study as admitd by the officerThe secondary sources of data and the entropy be Annual report Web site address give basis articlesBrochure provided by the company, catalogue, prospectusLimitation of the StudyWe attempt our level beaver to collect commandment as oft convictions as necessary to prep be a perfect report on industrial Han d Protection Ltd. Since the people of Bangladesh af crocked a negative go on regarding research, it is very difficult to conduct a research in our country. As a result we face a forget me drug of troubles in store information. They are very much indifferent to provide relevant information. So we fain this report on the availcapable information we are able to collect from different sources. The limitations of the study are given below Industrial Tour is organized for only one day. As a result it is very difficult to collect as much as information required preparing report. Some information is very much confidential. So they do not provide that information. most of the officials are so busy to provide us enough duration for discussion. It is established in Bangladesh in 2010.So we are unable to collect much information. Employees baffle the negative concept regarding the research. So they would not like to provide much information. They induct no well organized websit e, annual financial report, magazine, and any periodical report. So to collect secondary data we cod got very express flying field.Brief record About Industrial TourIndustrial tour is very critical for the BBA program. So during the BBA program every student needs to visit in any disposal activity to gain practical knowledge which depart answer to make a connection between the theoretical and practical knowledge. Since we are the students of 4th year of the BBA program, we visited an industry named Industrial Hand Protection Ltd. At first our teachers made a group of four members. Our teacher on with the students fixed a date to visit the company. It was 30th June, 2012. On the overdue(p) date we gathered in front of the shopping complex at 7.30 am. Teacher and all members came there in succession. After taking eat we started our journey for IHPL under the direct supervision of our teacher named Anupam Kumar Das, frustrate, incision of watchfulness Studies, Universi ty of Chittagong. Surprisingly we got a guest teacher named Mr.Sha peeledas Mahmod Sohel, Assistant Professor, Department of focus Studies, University of Chittagong. We reached at IHPL at 8.30 am. Mr.shihab Uddin, HRofficer, received us cordially and took us to the company room. They provide us some snacks and tea as a breakfast. any personnel of the organization came and introduced with us at 9.00am.Mr.K.M.Arif Mohin Uddin gives a brief saving close what we w mad do during our tour and provided us the docket of the activities of the tour. After completing the introduction, Mr.Akber Haqqani(DGM),Head of production provided a speech nigh the history of MIDAS, its mission, vision, and the rescue scenario of it. He also draw about the potentiality of it.He showed the boilersuit picture of organization. We were listening the speech attentively. Beca handling his presentation was very nice, easy to understand, fix and interesting. He also gave us an opportunity to direct any q uestions about IHPL. After the presentation we took a tea break according to the schedule at10.30 am. Then Mr.shihab Uddin, HRofficer, gave a presentation about the functions of Admin& Personnel Department. He expound what HR Department does for motivating employees and achieves high productivity. He also described how they evaluate their strength and weakness, opportunity and threats. After that he gave us opportunities to ask something and we asked different questions and noted answers. After that Mr.K.M.Arif Moin Uddin told very briefly about how to develop our career plan. Then Mr.Shihab Uddin and Mr.K.M.Arif Mohin Uddin (Manager Admin& Personnel) took us to visit the factory. We visited the whole factory and direct observed how they are producing different go past gloves and prepared them for final give a charge and the packaging exercise. They produce the gloves th jumpy dickens accomplishes. One is automated subprogram and an another(prenominal) is semi-automated pro cess. We saw that at first production engineer prepared a mixture of chemical .Then raw gloves was sunk into it. in that respect were devil boilers which are apply for heating the gloves. convergenceion engineer told us about the whole production process in detail. They also told us they exit increase the number of boilers if thegovernment provides available gas and electricity. We saw that the production process is not so simple. It is very complex. Gigantic set up of compliance and its movement is glared and flickered to us. All production engineers clarifies how the gloves are made and about their features. After that we went to the warehouse. We saw that they had a very super warehouse. By visiting factory we had got a overall view of the production process, maintaining fictional character, and stored process. After that we took lunch with Mr.K.M.Arif Mohin Uddin and Mr.shihab Uddin, HRofficer, at pm. After taking lunch, we went back to our conference room. After tea brea k Mr.Adnan Peerzada from Pakistan, legate Manager, Fin.&com. gave a brief presentation on the obligation of a good manger at2.00 pm.He is very sincere, co-operative and cordial. He divided with us about his personal life. He told us how he create his career in practical. He also said shortly about impart chain management. He tried to provide a slip away concept of supply chain management with a practical example. After that Mr.K.M.Arif Mohin Uddin invited us to discuss the total production process of the total determine in the conference room. He described the whole production process in brief and we noted it. After that different heads of the department as Manager Admin &Personnel, Deputy Manager of Fin. & Com. turnout Engineers, AM-QA&QC, and HRO came to conference room and invited us to ask different questions about IHPL. We along with our teachers asked a number of questions regarding any confusion. They answered all questions nicely and very clearly. At last we bear a rticulate that all the personnel of the organization were very much co-operative, friendly, and helpful. Our industrial tour formally was finished at 4.00 pm.GENERAL IDEA ABOUT industrial HAND PROTECTION LTD. (IHPL)MIDAS was started in 1975 in Pakistan. The owner of the organization was from Gujarat. The ope yardd area of it is in India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Bangladesh, Canada and Middle east country. The name of the sub-project of MIDAS is Industrial Hand Protection Ltd. It was located in Chittagong Export process Zone (CEPZ).It is only related with production of different types of hand gloves. It does all production according to the policy of head office which is situated in Canada. Head office determines all types ofproduction, marketing, financial policy. Industrial Hand Protection Ltd implements the policy that is concordn by head office. IHPL collects raw materials from Malaysia and others countries. Then it converts these into finished products and export other countries dire ct by head office. It produces different types of industrial gloves for the purpose of export. IHPL is fully export lie industry. It runs its production in dickens ways. One is automated production and another is semi-automated production. It exports mainly in USA, Canada, Australia, South Africa, India, Hol primer, Spain etc. At present it does not sell any products in our country. It also maintains large warehouses for ensuring analogous day services .Their market share in the world is 35 millions. Sales Volume in 2012 is three hundred millions and their targeted profit in 2020 is 1200 millions. Their sourcing office is China in 2010. They mostly export in India and USA. Their manufacturing Locations are India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Canada caller ProfileIndustrial Hand Protection Ltd.Company Profile1. expose the company Industrial Hand Protection Ltd.(IHPL) 2. Present Address plan No.6, Sector 1A, Road No.5, C.E.P.Z, Chittagong-4223, Bangladesh. 3. Head Office address Chitt agong Export Processing Zone(CEPZ) 4. Location of the factory Chittagong Export Processing Zone(CEPZ) 5. Year of establishment 20106. possible action organization to establish this industry Foreign Direct Investment(FDI) 7. Type of transaction Production Oriented.8. Year of starting its production November, 2010.9. Total number of employees 60010. record of ownership Wholly Owned11. Type of company Both savvy and Capital Intensive.12. Legal status of the company Private Ltd. Company13. dissolve of production degree centigrade%Export oriented14. Production Area Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ)15. Head office Canada.16. Two types Garments and Gloves. 17. Gloves production in Bangladesh automated process Semi-Automated process 18. Market United States of America, Europe, Asia, Africa, 19. Exporting Countries USA, CANADA, AUSTRALIA, southeasterly AFRICA, SPAIN, RUSSIA, HOLAND, INDIA 20. Market share in the world 35 millions21. Sales 2012 300 millions.22. Sales 2020 1200 millions.23. Most Exported Countries India and USA.24. Annual Export Volume $90,0000025. Manufacturing Location India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Canada. 26. Product concern Largest.Winning St castgies hard-hitting man Resource department resulted in a virile professional management and marketing team. Independent organisation advisory boards in different countries. Strong purchase and finance departments in all MIDAS location with excellent human relationship with banks. Establishment of different discipline centre for customers stuff, employees and new employees. Time and money hand to create brand value Establishment of large warehouse and akin day service. Huge investment in research and development including 30% of time for improving real product and 70% on new innovative product and process. Straight short line production with ameliorate whole tone product. Team spirit, open communication and co-ordination among team members. Marketing by Web on cloud comput ing.Key Personnel of IHPL.Key homo Resource personnel of IHPLMission And Vision of (IHPL)Vision 2020 To be one of the leading 5 rubber eraser companies in the worldMission1. large(p) team work.2. look And innovative production.3. Brand recognition in emerging world market.Gaining Drivers of Industrial Hand harborion ltd(IHPL) Innovation IHPL expends a lot amount for the purpose of innovative histrions. About 70%of R&D is utilise for innovation of the product. Experienced Employees Most of the employees of the IHPL are so much experienced. Because continuous training program is followed by the organization. Co- subroutine Co-operation is the main driver of the higher productivity. Co-operation among the departments and that of the employees is important for achieving the goal in effect and efficiently. Since IHPL follows the participative management it dejection able to experience co-operation. look Maintained They maintain the standard flavor of the product. They produ ce the customized product. They have a good monitoring team to continuously monitor the select of the product. Human Resources Leadership A good leaders exist in the organization. They create vision and directed the all employees toward the achievement of the organizational goal. modify Technology They import the updated technology and used in the production process. As a result they have been able to automatize the production process the productivity of the employees has increased rapidly. Team Work Team work is the best for increasing productivity of the employees. They have made a number of groups consisting of 24 members in each group and assign their target that must be achieved at heart a particularized period of time period of time.Overal sop up of organisational StrategypicMain Themes of The Company Service. persona. Cost Competitiveness. Innovation Organizational Structure.Core Safety ValuesSWOT Analysis of the IHPLCompetencies of the Industrial Hand Protection ltd . Customer Focus Delegation. Motivating Others Customization. Perseverance. backslidingThe key points of management practices of IHPL are discussed below way StyleIHPL follows the Line & Staff Management style. There are four level of management in this organization. There is no managing committee in this organization.Planning ProcessPlanning is the set of activities such(prenominal) as selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them, it also includes finale making. IHPL also has a strong planning process in which the authority has to formulate these plans. Most of the times top-level management makes decision. IHPL takes plans for intermediate term.Goals and ObjectivesObjectives or goals are as milestone where organization and individual activities are directed and it wants to reach. Objectives are state end results. Clear and verifiable objectives facilitate measurement of the surplus as well as the utileness and efficiency of managerial actions.IHPL consider s, to be one of the leading 5 safety Cos of the world as a vision of setting organizational goals and objectives.Specialization and DepartmentalizationThis organization follows work strong suit for every employee. Work specialization refers to every employees should specialized in the item field. MIDAS does not follow everydayization. And it generally follows the departmentalization. MIDAS has eight departments. embroil of ControlSpan of Control means the number of subordinates a manager keep effectively and efficiently direct.Wider cut through and through are to a greater bound(prenominal) efficient in term of cost. However at some point wider pan reduce effectiveness. That is, when the bilk becomes too large, employee achievement suffers because supervisors no longer have the times to provide the necessary leadership and support.Narrow span have three major(ip) drawbacks.* They are expensive because they add level of management * They make tumid communication in the orga nization more complex * Narrow span of control encourage overly tight supervision and discourage employees autonomy.IHPL follows press span of control and manage effectively.Decision MakingDecision-making is specify as selection of a course of action from among alternatives it is at the core of planning. Decision-making may be either centralized or decentralized. The decision making process of that organization is centralized by the authority term taking strategic decision.IHPL also follows participative management in decision making.picProduction DepartmentSimply, Production is the process of converting raw materials into finished goods that have utility values. Production refers to the processes and method actings active to transform tangible input(materials,semifinished goods,or subassemblies)and intangible inputs(ideas, information, knowledge) into goods or services. Production management refers to the phone line of coordinating and controlling the activities required mak ing a product, typically involving effective control of scheduling, cost, performance, quality, and neutralise requirements. IHPL production system is customer based. So IHPL production system is intermittent. IHPL production planning and production scheduling is order based. sanctioned raw materials and sources of raw materials gross materials Sources of raw materials ChemicalInternational and local anaesthetic suppliers Yarn International and local suppliers Problems in procuring raw-materials Rising cost more(prenominal) time to collect raw material Frequent change in priceOvercome in procuring raw materials Building loyal relationship with suppliers Better transportationTypes of ProductsThere are different kinds of hand gloves are producing IHPL. Products are as follows * Journey gloves* Industrial gloves* Chemical resistance gloves* ready resistance gloves* Fashion garments gloves* Medical gloves* Cut resistance gloves* Sports gloves etcUses of GlovespicProduction proces s of hand glovesTotal 645 people (574 doers and 74 employees) are worked in IHPL for producing of hand gloves. Raw materials are important for gloves production. How IHPL produces hand gloves that means how chemical and yarn converts into hand gloves? There are two production process of producing hand gloves such as Automated hand gloves production procedure and Semi-automated hand gloves production procedure.We can show it by pursuit flowchart Automated hand gloves production procedure (oil based)Semi-automated/Manual hand gloves production procedures (water based) embrocate based hand gloves are used for normal or rough use. On the other hand, water based hand gloves are used for different purposes such as glass factory, garments industry, steel industry, knitting industry, medical examination operation, sports, wok shops, chemical industry etc. kind-hearted RESOURCE discussion sectionHuman resource department is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their projects andsolving problems that near. Management of human resources is that function of all enterprises which provides for effective utilization of people to achieve both the objectives of the enterprise and the satisfaction and development of the employees. Human resource management differs from handed-down personal management. Opening of Human Resource Department signifies suppuration awareness of the importance of human factor in organizational performance.IHPLs one of the winning strategies is effective HR dept. resulted in a strong professional management and marketing teams. The economic consumption of the HR department on the overall performance of the organization is emphasized by Recruitment living Retention of employeesFUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT Recruitment of workers / staffs through interview ( periodical recruitment of workers) Workers and staff orientation and personal grooming training. Daily protection setup checking batten cleaning in IHPL Logistics support Routine co-ordination among suppliers attendance analysis and reporting Leave report maintaining Co-ordinate BEPZA and government offices Ensure staffs salary bank account making knowledge information update and arrange recommended training Ensure meliorateth and safety at work Employee counseling Expatriates work allow Wastage management Updates of registration and record Employee records PETTY cash management Employee grievances exploit appraisal Job interpretation and parentage spec Developing and implementing different policyPerformance ManagementPerformance management is the process employers use to make sure that employees are working towards organizational goals. Employee performance of IHPL is appraised on yearly basis and 3 months performance canvass is conducted for this purpose.picHigh Performance DriversIt tries to maintain high performances through following 3c factors. IHPL do believe that, high performance is the outcome of the genesis of clarity, capability and commitment. Those are Competency. Capability. committal.It can be expressed as followsCompetency*Capability*Commitment = High Performance Absenteeism And turnoverAbsenteeism An absence refers to time an employee is not on the assembly line during scheduled working hours , except for a granted quit of absence, spend or vacation time. Turnover wear out turnover is the rate at which an employer gains and loses employees. Simply we can say how long employees tend to stomach or the rate of traffic through the revolving door.Overview of the absenteeism and turnover rate of IHPLComparison of Satisfactory And Dissatisfactory factors of IHPLTHE MAIN AREAS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENTThe personnel manager is responsible for all the decisions regarding HRD save before taking any decision he consults with the HR officer. There is an organized HR policy in this type of production oriented company. IHPLs HR policy is international although its an MNC. Its human resource policy is Recruit skilled workforce Training and development of workforce obtain good workforce by logical benefits and compensationThis department is of highest moment as IHPL do believe that Our Strength is Our People Cos policy regarding HR planning, contemplate analysis, recruitment, selection, training and performance management and compensate system are discussed in the following segment of the paperHUMAN RESOURCE PLANNINGHR planning is the process of deciding what flecks the firm testament have to fill and how to fill them. The main task of HRD is a good HR planning. HR planning, in turn, involves job analysis and foretelling the rent and supply of struggle.JOB ANALYSISAn organization consists of positions that have to be staffed. Job analysis is the procedure for determining the duties and skill requirements of a job and the kind of person who should be hired for it. Its one of the most important task that performed by the HR staff. Through job analysis, the unemployed position is found out and the job description and the job specification is prepared.In case of job analysis, IHPL follows 3types of methods Observation method Structured questionnaire method Individual interview methodJob descriptionJob description is a written statement of what the worker actually does, how he or she does it and what the jobs working conditions are.Job specificationThe job specification takes the job description and answers the question, what human traits and experiences are required to do the job well? It shows what kind of person to recruit and for what qualities that person should be tested.IHPL conducts job analysis to come up with job evaluation. And for each and every position in it there are job description and job specification. In the selection of employees it follows job specification.RECRUITMENTIn case of recruiting employees the company uses school placement Employee references AdvertisementsTo search for required candidates.For advertisements for employee recruitment, IHPL uses Daily newspapers Internet / on-lineFor experienced jobs for IHPL, the most popular recruiting sources are Reference checking mash market course Existing employee referenceThe most popular sources of managerial jobs are newspaper publisher advertisement Walk in interviewSELECTIONAfter recruitment, the company goes for selection procedure. The preparation of a short list of candidates is based on the following criteria Competency Chittagong zone living people Positively vulturine hard working personFor employee selection, the company follows 3 types of selecton tests Written tests oral examination tests Medical testsIn the selection process, the sequential steps involved can be shown in the following diagrampicIn case of nonchalant worker selection, the procedure isAfter selection, the employees are assigned to different types of job s on the basis of job description. While selecting employees, the problem that the company faces is the lack of competent peopleTRAINING AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENTTraining is the process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. In IHPL there is an organized training and development program to develop employee skills and productivity. In determining the training needs of the employees, IHPL considers productivity. 3types of training methods are applied here classroom lecture on the job training impertinent trainingafter the finish of the training program, employees are assigned to predetermined positions.Performance management is the process employers use to make sure that employees are working towards organizational goals. Employee performance of IHPL is appraised on yearly basis and 3 months performance review is conducted for this purpose.IHPL do believe that, high performance is the outcome of the multiplication of clarity, capability and comm itment. That is High Performance = competency* capability * commitment reenforce SYSTEMBefore constructing its reward system, IHPL evaluates the jobs using Point Method. It sets its basic pay based on experience performance position academic qualificationtraditional method of administrative pay is used in here. BEPZA has a greatinfluence on its compensation system. In order to retain highly experienced people, IHPL uses motivation promotion providing extra facilities trainingbenefits provided to the employees are house rent DA / TAEmployees get bonus on yearly basis. Facilities are reactive here.Quality Control QC is a procedure or set of procedures intended to break that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a define set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer. In value to implement an effective QC program, an enterprise must first decide which specific standards the products or service must meet. Then the extent of QC actions m ust be determined. (Ex the percentage of units to be tested from each lot).Quality Control mathematical function in IHPL In IHPL Quality control procedure is done through internal & buyer consent. 100% audit (Third party audits from buyer side). Raw material oversight. Dangerous article protection (steel fragmented, niddle parts, safety measures). Accepted Quality level. Quality accessories and chemical used. Automated weaving machine. ISO 9001 2008 is followed in case of product Quality control. Customer expectation and ISO standard are followed for quality measurement. They have a skilled inspection team for quality control. This team consists of 24 members. IHPL has two different maintenance policy for equipment including i. Pr pointtive maintenance policyii. Repair maintenance policy.Inspection services & testing in IHPLIHPL maintains some inspection services and testing procedures for ensuring product quality including-Preshipment Inspection An inspection to guarantee th e conformity of production to their specification. Production monitoring Constant oversight in factory with daily reports on quality and production status. During production check Control and recommendation for production process and capacity. initial production check Inspection of machinery and materials to be used for their product prior to production. Container load up check Guarantee the finished goods meet their specification (Product type & quality) and are loaded. dig ManagementIHPL produces safety hand gloves under Midas Safety has been protect the Working Hands of the World. IHPL is a manufacturing unit of Midas Safety, and a thoroughly patience intensive unit also. About 574 aims are working in it with two distinct shifts Day shift and Night shift. For manage a large number of assiduity there have a strong lug management unit. This unit recruits, selects, trains, reward and terminate agitate. There have no chore amount and no CBA also. Labor cannot participate in decision making. IHPL provide food facilities to its worker. It has own canteen for its worker and provide two snacks with tea and lunch for day shift and three snacks with tea and dinner party for night shift. Though IHPL situated in CPEZ, thus it need to follow instruction provided by BEPZA. BEPZA labor administrationThe BEPZA fixed borderline fight in October 1993 for categories of trainees, unskilled, semiskilled, and skilled workers at US$22 to US$63 per month. These rates have never been revised. The minimum has become the effective maximum. The mixture of workers is also done entirely by the employer. Similarly, working hours, paid holiday and other leave, payment of wages, and maternity benefits are all decided one-sidedly by management. The BEPZA document, Labor and Industrial Relations, rules that BEPZA issues directives from time to time determining minimum wages. It is understood that the minimum wage, US$22, issued in 1993 still remains valid, although in national laws, periodical revisions are provided for. This salary is less than US$1.00 per day, the criterion used internationally to identify the poor. These issues require collective bargaining and action including strikes if employers do not respond to workers demands. Official documents do not portend how an offending employer is punished. There is no regular inspection by BEPZA Labor Administration, nor is there any requirement by employers to report on compliance. Because of this, liberty from the Industrial Relations order come outs highly detrimental to workers interests. In February 1986 the government exempted the BEPZA from the Employment of Labor (standing order) forge.A notification in January 1989 also exempted EPZ enterprises from the Factories set 1965. These two acts related to basic conditions of profession (daily, monthly, casual, etc.), dismissal procedure, and provision of safety, health, and wholesome conditions, including facilities for women workers and their children. Compensation for dismissal is mentioned in the BEPZA booklet on labor and industrial relations. But the reasons for discharge are not covered including arbitral dismissal. check to the BEPZA booklet, reasons for dismissal include physical and mental incapacity and continued ill health, with compensation of one months pay for every year of service or any part thereof in tautologic of six months. But the booklet does not clarify whether such dismissals are scrutinized by BEPZA prior to an employers order. Similarly dismissal on thou of misconduct is permitted after due enquiry proceedings, (presumably by the employer). These provisions are liable to violation of workers rights by the employers. Remuneration The parliament passed the EPZ Workers Association and IndustrialRelations Act 2004(Amended up to October 2010). Competitive wages in respect of semi skilled, skilled and high skilled. The average monthly wages has been skillful as follow Unskilled US$ 39.00-48.00 Semi-skilled US$ 55.00 Skilled US$ 61.00-109.00 Other benefits include Conveyance Allowance, House Rent, Medical Allowance, Maternity Benefit, fete Bonus, Provident Fund and Overtime. Considering the production cost investor is being deemed to be commodious with the overall productivity of the labors. Human Rights in EPZ(a) storm to enhance wellbeingIt appears that the BEPZA and investors in EPZs are under brotherly and international pressure not only to enhance the eudaemonia of the workers, but also to consult the workers in the process. fit in to the BEPZA Bulletin October December 1999, a Conference of Investors on issues pertaining to labor relations in EPZs of Bangladesh was held in Dhaka in December 1999. The government minister of Labor, the Minister of Industries and the American Ambassador to Bangladesh attended the conference. According to the Bulletin, the investors in the EPZs of Bangladesh have proposed forming a Tripartite Welfare Committee to look after and p rotect the interest of workers. And the US Ambassador in his speech encouraged the investors to form a committee to help devise an acceptable method of ensuring the welfare of the workers in the EPZs of Bangladesh. (b) Pressure from foreign/international agenciesAs early as 1991, AFL CIO, the largest trade union federation in USA, petitioned to revoke Bangladeshs general system of preferences (GSP tariff concessions) because of dissimilar alleged infringement of labor rights, including the defensive measure of freedom of joining in the Chittagong EPZ. After a review of the petition, the US government decided to continue Bangladeshs GSP privileges, following Bangladesh governments assurance to allow freedom of association in the EPZs by 1997 (Daily Star, 28 October 1999). In June1999, AFL-CIO filed another petition to revoke the GSP privileges of Bangladesh, based solely on the countrys failure to act in accordance with the assurance. Since indeed the US ambassador has repeated ly threatened conductal of GSP privileges on the said(prenominal) grounds.On the other hand in a meeting with BEPZA chairman, the Nipponese ambassador categorically stated, Japan does not want trade unions in the EPZs at this moment (Daily Star, 20 February 2000) and he expressed satisfaction at the congenial atmosphere in the two EPZs of the country. A Korean enterpriser observed that international labor standards maintained in developed countries should not be applied in Bangladesh because the issues of industrial relations here were different. According to another report in the Daily Star of 19 October 1999, the Bangladesh government had signed an agreement with the US Trade Department in 1994 to withdraw the exemption from Employment of Labor (standing orders) Act 1965, and from the Industrial Relations Act 1969, by 1995 and 1997 respectively. Exemption from the Factories Act was withdrawn in 2000. On the other hand, the Chittagong EPZ investors told the US ambassador that p ermitting trade unions would also be a discover of contract by the Bangladesh government, which had promised a peaceful atmosphere in the Industrial Zones (Daily Star, 28 October 1999). Meanwhile acquisition of a huge area of land for a Korean EPZ has displaced 425 families and the process has been challenged in court by a religious group, as it sought to acquire a church. Complaints of depravation and torment in payment of compensation to displaced landowners for land acquired for Comilla EPZ has also appeared in the press. (c) Pressure for consultation with workersIn the conference, it was proposed that the Welfare Committee will comprise of worker representatives, BEPZA, and BEPZA enterprises. This indicates a current lack of arrangements for consultation in any forum with representatives of workers. In the three bodies comprising the BEPZA, no representative of workers is included. The Ministry of Labor is not even represented in these bodies.(d) Divided opinion among ministe rsIn the 1999 conference, the Minister of Labor made a vague statement that the government will take some measures to protect the interest of workersand the investors every bit while the Industries Minister was more categorical in saying, The prime objective of the government is to increase employment opportunities through increased investment. Any issue relating to EPZs of Bangladesh should be considered cautiously. (e) Opposition to traditional trade unionsOther speakers in the conference cautioned that foreign investment will be discouraged if traditional trade unions are introduced. In Bangladesh, labor laws provide for election of a Collective Bargaining Agent (CBA) from among the registered unions in an industrial undertaking and traditionally the CBAs have exceeded their legal rights and created labor unrest, allegedly for the interest of the CBAs. Major reasons for such a situation are an ineffective labor administration and political folie in implementation of labor laws. (f) BEPZA documentsSeveral BEPZA documents mention that BEPZA pursues a production-oriented labor law. The authority administers labor matters in the EPZs of Bangladesh. Labor unions are neither allowed to form or operate within EPZs. This is a strong indication that the right to organize and bargain jointly is denied to workers in EPZS. The BEPZA documents do not mention how the labor matters are administered in the absence of trade unions, particularly in matters that require collective bargaining, such as safety and health, minimum wage, dispute settlement, etc. From occasional reports in newspapers, it appears that labor unrest takes place once in a while due to causes like arbitrary dismissal of workers. (g) Exemption from certain labor lawsOn 25 February 1986, the government exempted Chittagong EPZ from the provisions of the Industrial Relations Ordinance 1969 which recognized ILO Conventions on Freedom of Association (No. 87) and on the Right to send and Bargain Collective ly (No. 98). The ILO considers these conventions as basic human rights. It is possibly dependable thatwidespread misuse of liberal provisions for forming unions of workers gave rise to a multiplicity of unions and inter-union rivalry. Similarly, somecollective bargaining agents are also criticized for misusing their representative strength. However, these situations arise due to political reasons and due to poor enforcement of laws by management and the state. absence of laws permitting trade unions is no guarantee that such situations will not appear in the EPZs as well if the political situation deteriorates and if law enforcement slackens. The relevant issue is whether BEPZAs labor administration has promoted any alternative relaxation for the workers.Export & ImportIHPL is an export oriented company. They export their products to various countries. These are as follows- U.S.A Canada Australia South Africa Spain Russia Holland India U.A.EThey mostly export to INDIA & USA. The ir annual export record is approx. 90 lac us dollar. They determine their international market demand and supply by its postful sales team which is provided by its parent organization MIDAS, situated in Canada.IHPL transport goods by air & water. They procure raw materials from different countries. It need not have to pay any taxationes for merchandise raw materials. IHPL is situated in EPZ area where companies are given special facilities and incentives in favor of their export goods also IHPL gets special incentive facilities fromBangladesh Govt for increasing their export. They use C&F agent for exporting their goods and collecting their raw materials.At the time of exporting product, they faces several problem. This are- Timely transportation(unavailability of movers) Dependency on middle organization It may be caused by C&F agent. Lengthy process in port Because of political problem mainly trade union. Corruption in every stage of processing generate of wrong informatio n by importer or exporterAbove mentioned problems can be solved by Providing adequate transportation facility Reducing interference of middle men Handling of shipping problem in time Providing reliable information at the time of export and import Eliminating corruption by enforcing rules and regulationIHPL is a big growing factory in Bangladesh and Bangladesh Govt. should support this kind of factory to develop the country by following steps- To increase mobility of port There are many kinds of problems in time of shipping goods and services. In our country labor does it. That is politicize trade union in port. this type of situation govt. can take initiative to increase mobility of port. Production of export cargo In our country ,we have no emergency career service. IHPL may expect to govt. this type of facility. Sound quality control and grading of export consignment In Bangladesh BSTI can do it. They may expect to govt. that BSTI will be more effective than previous. good cos t control In our country cost increase due to delay delivery, delay production, delay documentation. To reduce this govt. canintroduce one stop service centre in port and also need to make it more effective. Developing sound network and linkage with afield market To do it govt. can need to do EPB and Commerce Ministry more effective.Corporate social responsibility of IHPLCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined as the way companies integrate social, environmental, and economic concerns into their values and operations in a transparent and accountable manner. It is integral to long-term business growth and success, and it also plays an important role in promoting business values locally and internationally and also contributing to the sustainable development of communities. The Government of Bangladesh industrial plant with the public and private sector, business conjunction, civil caller , with foreign governments and communities as well as other stakeholders to foster and promote CSR.WIKIPEDIA define CSR asCSR is a form of corporate self integrated into a business poser. CSR policy functions as a built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit of the law, ethical standards, and international norms. The goal of CSR is to tweet responsibility for the companys actions and encourage a positive shock through its activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholder and all other members of the public sphere who may also be considered as stakeholders.Corporate Social Responsibility THE BANGLADESH considerationCSR practices in Bangladesh in its modern global terms, are relatively new, but not so for the concept itself. Because, being a part of the global market, it is difficult to ignore CSR standard specifically in the export sector like (MIDAS, young one, specific jeans) com. In general, it is true that in Bangladesh, the status of labor rights practices, envi ronmentalmanagement and transparency in corporate governing are not satisfactory level, largely due to poor enforcement of existing laws and inadequate pressure from civil society and interest groups like Consumer Forums (CAB) consumer association of Bangladesh. Globally, as CSR practices are gradually being integrated into international business practices and hence is becoming one of the determining factors for market accesses, it is becoming equally instrumental for local acceptability.A focus on CSR in Bangladesh would be useful, not only for improving corporate governance, labor rights, work place safety, fair treatment of workers, community development and environment management, but also for industrialization and ensuring global market access. Lack of enforcement of Industrial Laws and Regulations, weak unions, absence of consumer rights and high level of corruption within the regulatory bodies make CSR violation rampant in Bangladesh. CSR is neglected in two most crucial fo reign exchange sources is the RMG sector and the overseas manpower export. Unbelievably low compensation, working hours, health/hygiene/sanitation conditions, fire safety and various types of abuse are so common and to the extent of inhumanity that will shock any conscientious individual to the core. Recently, the RMG sector employees have embarked on a industry wide movement to establish their rights. Like savor, narayangong (kunchpur) in march-April in 2012.CSR Of Industrial Hand Protection Ltd. ( IHPL)IHPL is committed to ethical style and to sustainable economic development, while improving the quality of life of its workforce and their families, as well as the local community and society at large. IHPL is one of the organizations of MIDAS. It established in November 2010 in EPZ in Chittagong. Its a 100% export oriented safety material producer export gloves, heal mate, chemical resistant cover in India & others countries as per the requirement of MIDAS. Since its root its car ry our different types of CSR to govt., employees, BEPZA, EPZ & to the society. CSR to Govt.* Provide tax, duty, others fees timely* Follow govt. prescribe rules & regulation* Promote diplomatic relation with exporting countries* Contribute t the up-liftment of gross domestic product* Favorable balance of paymentCSR to society* create employment for 600 people( 50% male,50% female) * environment safety operation* raising living standard* Qurbani,a very new establishment, donation to orphanage. CSR to environment* pollution free manufacturing* sound waste management policy* minimum emission of co2* ISO 90012008 certified operationCSR to employees* timely wage paid* provide free lunch & dinner* provide on job training* provide safety material for worker in time of working* improve skill among worker* provide pure drinking water* transportation facilities for employeesCSR to BEPZA* follow BEPZA role & regulation* follow labor act 2006* operation is consistent with East Pakistani cultu re, norms, value. Proper CSR practice in Bangladesh can also contribute a lot to community development. The corporate house can develop the community by creating employment, providing primary education, contribution to infrastructure development like lane and high-ways and addressing environmental concerns. This is more relevant for a country likeBangladesh where the government interventions in these fields augmented by corporate alliance can go a long way in developing the economy, society and environment.Problems of IHPLIHPL faces generally two types of problems. They may be internal or external problems.Internal Problems Inadequate training and development program. Poor investment in research and development. Lack of infrastructural development of the organization. Have no own power supply system. High turnover rate of the organization. Have no local supply of raw material. External Problems Political instability in Bangladesh. change magnitude inflation Corruption in the port. Lengthy process for exporting of the goods. frugal factors Exchange rate fluctuation, trade policy, trade relation with other country, tax rate, tariff and others non-tariff barriers Non-availability and non-frequency of transportation. Other Cultural differences like working attitudes, language, education and politeness etc. Lack of proper supply of gas, water, electricity and so on. Labor union causes a lot of problems in case of export oriented organization.RecommendationSome recommended suggestions are given below Continuous quality improvement concept should be applied for the improvement of the quality of the product. Investment in research and development has to extend to initiate a new idea. IHPL should provide adequate incentive, salary, bonuses and non-financial facilities to reduce the high turnover rate. IHPL should try to produce raw material in production country. IHPL should introduce the updated technology in the production to increase productivity. IHPL should think thepossibilities of sells its products in Bangladesh. IHPL should introduce the housing facilities for the employees. IHPL should try to apply JIT concept in the inventory system. IHPL should try its best to derogate the lead time of the shipment of hand gloves. IHPL should be more social responsible and environment friendly company.CONCLUSIONBy Observing the to a higher place discussion we can concludes that the company has been maintaining excellent performance since its beginning. This is the proud of the company that it never incurred a loss since 2010 to 2012. The overall performance of accounting, management, and cost systems of Industrial Hand Protection Ltd. is to some extend conventional issue. The products of the company have wide market demand all over the world. The company earns a lot of foreign exchange which plays an important role in our national economy. Industrial Hand Protection Ltd will be the role model for export oriented industry sector within few years. Because of its quality product, uniqueness of their product, export volume and so on. One of the main problem is that IHPL uses automated machineries which hamper targeted production in case of electricity disruption. It imports all raw materials but it some times faced problems due to time limitation. If IHPL can overcome its drawbacks it will increase a large extent the volume of profit.Since this company is established in CEPZ area they have to maintain all the rules and regulations provided by the BEPZA. So the authority can not delight in freedom of taking decision. Their turnover rate is quite high, it needs to be checked. If it does not take initiative to improve this situation it will face difficulties because they have several competitors outside the country.The production capacity of IHPL is limited because of their limited area. So this need to be considered by concerned authority . By analyzing sales trend and financial statement, profit and production diagram of IHPL, we can saythat the overall performance of IHPL is satisfactory. It never incurs losses since its beginning. We also know that it is a newly established company. We hope Industrial Hand Protection Ltd. will carry out its production process smoothly by removing its some silly drawbacks.ReferenceElectronic WorksMr.A.K.M.Arif Mohin UddinManager Admin & Personnel.Mr.Akbar HaqqaniDeputy General Manager (DGM)Country Head in BangladeshMr Adnan PeerzadaDeputy Manager.Department of Finance and Commercial.Senging pointLoad pointLinerBobblingShip attentionSportsRoad ConstructionSteel Industry.Fashion IndustryHeat opponentChemical Industry.JourneyMr.Shihab Uddin caravan innHR officer.anceChemical Industry.JourneyMr.Shihab Uddin KhanHR officer.Quality serviceQuality CustomerPriceQualityValuable customerManufactureManMachineMaterial propertyDirect saleFormal RelationInterdepende-ncyMertocracyTTrust occupy For OthersEthicsTeam workStrengthWeakness Unskilled labor Inexperience P oor industry environment Lack of local demand Lack of infrastructural development. Fresh Environment Higher Productivity of worker. Availability of labor Effective collaboration among employees. Effective and efficient labor supply Participative management system Unbalance market distribution Lack of energy travel worker Devaluation High turnover rate Political instability immense lead time to export Emerging market Research and exploitation Established plan Building loyalty Growing demand bulky labor force with labor costThreatsOpportunitySpinningPre-Jelling pipeline flowShoweringStampingPackagingFinished GoodsOvenLinerDrying checkLoad pointMethanolDeepingPre-JellingEvaporationHorizontal JellingOvenPackagingStampingFinished GoodsWhat is expected?The way it is expected to develop.What has been achieved?The way it has been achieved.High PerformanceAbsenteeism in percentTurnover in percentMonth in 2012.January19.46%9.56%February15.257.738.00March15.4519.238.43April12.008.00May joy FactorsDissatisfactionFactors Shortage of holidays Low medical allowance Long working hours wrong(p) assistance from production. Lack of incentives Organizational environment Transportation problem in case of long distance Discipline Cooperation between staff and office employees Timely salary payment Freedom to work Basis of futurity platform Learning and participating Food and transportation facilityInitial ScreeningEmployment TestsCompleting Application FormComprehensive audienceBackground InvestigationConditional Job OfferMedical or Physical TestPermanent job OfferScreening assembling PeopleTalk PersonallySelection by EngineersChoose Effective Worker

Computer Network Assignment

COMPUTER NE twoRKS 4TH bunt 2012 Examination Paper Answer ALL questions. Clearly cross taboo surplus answers. Time 2 hours Any reference material brought into the trial run room must be handed to the invigilator before the start of the examination. reply ALL suspicionS mark enquiry 1 a) press out FOUR (4) principles underpinning the liberal Systems Interconnection (OSI) computer address Model. b) distinguish the purpose of the physical horizontal surface of the OSI Reference Model. c) State THREE (3) elements of vane design that strike to the physical layer of the OSI Reference Model. ) Describe the purpose of the data link layer. 4 1 3 2 rack up 10 mark wonder 2 a) b) c) d) Define the term a packet as used in computer meshworks. Briefly describe the THREE (3) key components of a packet. rationalize the difference between a LAN, MAN and WAN. Describe how signal reproof could be a problem in an Ethernet LAN and explain how this is prevented. 1 3 3 3 total 10 Marks Q UESTION 3 a) b) c) d) exempt why radio set technology was non ab initio widely adopted. State THREE (3) advantages to using wireless peripheral devices. Describe what a wireless adapter is.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingDescribe what an access acme is. 3 3 2 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 4 a) b) c) d) formulate what physical topology is. let off what analytical topology is. Describe how physical topology and logical topology relate to each other. Describe how point to point networks operate. 2 2 2 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 5 a) b) c) J State FIVE (5) factors to consider when choosing physical media for a computer network. State FOUR (4) advantages to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. State the main disadvantage to using fibre-optic cable as a network medium. 4 1 Total 10 Marks QUESTIONS CONTINUE ON NEXT PAGE Page 2 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW NCC Education Ltd 2012 Marks QUESTION 6 a) b) Explain what a repeater is and presently describe how it works. Explain what a router is and briefly describe how it works. 6 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 7 a) b) c) List FIVE (5) key factors to take into account when localization wireless access points. You have located an access point in the best available place for your wireless network but it is not providing the complete coverage you require.State THREE (3) options you have to extend the coverage of the wireless network. Your wireless network allows public access via a login page. Describe TWO (2) features that should be included in your login page. 5 3 2 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 8 a) b) c) d) A secure network offers privacy. Explain what privacy is in this context. A secure network offers integrity. Explain what integrity is in this context. A secure network offers availability. Explain what availability is in this context. Describe a man-in-the-middle attack. 2 3 2 3 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 9 a)Firewall traffic closure rules can be created for network traffic based upon a digit of different properties. State THREE (3) properties that are used to create firewall rules. b) Explain what a router firewall does. c) List FOUR (4) key tasks that are vital for managing a firewall. 3 3 4 Total 10 Marks QUESTION 10 a) b) c) State the THREE (3) main functions of a Network run System (NOS). Describe how a redirector works. State THREE (3) network run that a NOS will typically enable. 3 4 3 Total 10 Marks END OF EXAM Page 3 of 3 Computer Networks March 2012 Formatted/HW NCC Education Ltd 2012

Tuesday, February 26, 2019

Jainism vs. Sikhism Essay

Read the assigned chapters for the week and complete the followers table. Be as specific as possible when identifying practices, beliefs, rituals, and historical elements. Cite sources in APA formatting.Core BeliefsJainismSikhism1. Ahimsa principle of noninjury1. Naam Japna remembering matinee idol through meditation2. Sathya trueness2. Kirat Karo earning a honest living3. Asteya non stealing3. Vand chakko sharing income & resources. Selflessly serve others.4. Brahmacharya celibacy5. Apigraha non acquisitionPart 2Respond to the following questions in 150 to 200 words1 What do you think is the approximately important similarity and which is the most important difference? Use specifics to foul your answer.Both faiths originated from the same part of the world. They are expected to be freehanded of all faiths and dont believe that one path has the monopoly on the truth.Janism Sikhism vegetarian because they belive believe it brings them closer to spirituality. they have a nd order of monks and nuns they practice the Caste schema polythetic religion are not vegetarians they believe that eating meat doesnt block your spirituality. is bound to truth at all times and practices god conscience. rejects the caste system and believes in gender equality. monotheistic religion.Consider the following statement Sallekhana (holy death) violates the Jain principle of ahimsa because it is an act of abandon against oneself. Using examples from Ch. 5 of your text, what points might a follower of Jainism make to lay out against this statement?Jains will prepare themselves after they have reached their virtue. They will crack into rivers, lakes, and oceans as well as starve themselves when they become elderly with the inspection and repair of their families.

Of Mice and Men Excerpt Essay

Lennie he said sharply. Lennie, for divinity sakes dont drink so much. Lennie continued to snort into the pot. The small man leaned over and shook him by the shoulder. Lennie. You gonna be sick like you was last night. Lennie dipped his whole qualifying on a lower floor, hat and all, and then he sat up on the entrust and his hat dripped down on his blue coat and ran down his back. Thats good, he said. You drink some, George. You take a good big drink. He smiled happily. George unslung his bindle and dropped it gently on the bank. I aint sure its good water, he said. Looks kinda scummy. Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers so the water arose in little splashes rings widened crosswise the pool to the other side and came back again. Lennie watched them go. Look, George. Look what I done.George knelt beside the pool and drank from his hand with quick scoops. Tastes all right, he admitted. Dont actually seem to be running, though. You never oughta drink wa ter when it aint running, Lennie, he said hopelessly. Youd drink out of a bowl if you was thirsty. He threw a scoop of water into his face and rubbed it about with his hand, under his chin and around the back of his neck. Then he replaced his hat, pushed himself back from the river, force up his knees and embraced them. Lennie, who had been watching, imitated George exactly. He pushed himself back, drew up his knees, embraced them, looked over to George to see whether he had it just right. He extended his hat down a little to a greater extent over his eyeball, the way Georges hat was. George stared morosely at the water. The rims of his eyes were red with sun glare.He said angrily, We could just as nearly of rode clear to the ranch if that bastard bus driver knew what he was talkin about. Jes a little carry down the highway, he says. Jes a little stretch. God damn near four miles, thats what it was Didnt wanta menses at the ranch gate, thats what. Too God damn lazy topull up. Wonder he isnt too damn good to stop in Soledad at all. Kicks us out and says Jes a little stretch down the road. I bet it was more than four miles. Damn torrid day. Lennie looked timidly over to him. George? Yeah, what ya want? Where we goin, George? The little man jerked down the mouth of his hat and scowled over at Lennie. So you forgot that awready, did you? I gotta tell you again, do I? Jesus Christ, youre a crazy bastard I forgot, Lennie said softly. I tried not to forget. Honest to God I did, George.I picked this excerpt because introduces George and Lennies friendship which is the most important manifestation of his book.

Monday, February 25, 2019

Describe the Learning Organization Utilizing

According to Pedler, Burgoyne, & Boydell (1991) a nurture fundamental law is defined as a company that facilitates the erudition of its members and continuously transforms itself-importance . With that definition, certain(p) characteristics must be evident in the presidential term. eruditeness giving medications argon adaptative to their surroundings, encourage collective and unmarried attainment, constructively utilizes feedback to achieve better results, and has deepen adaptability (Fargo & Skyrme, 1995). Applying the brain metaphor to brasss, whollyows us to see how companies operate and how knowledge is divided and disbursed.This metaphor also demonstrates how this knowledge network is critical to the flow of culture. societal networking is a key component in the way acquirement organizations change state and function in todays budget conscious environment. close to 50% of collective performance is attributed to responding to change and complexity intelligently (Halal, 1997). A scholarship organization is to a considerableer extent than the sum of all knowledge from individual members because all information is not accessed equally. All information that is stored or urbane by members is only accessed when needed.A noticeing organization involves the development of higher(prenominal) levels of knowledge and skill and encompasses four levels of defrauding. This goes from the learning basic facts, processes and procedures (level 1) learning convey fitting jobs skills (level 2) learning to adapt (level 3) and learning to learn which corresponds to innovation and creativity (level 4 ) (Fargo & Skyrme, 1995). The last two levels are the types of learning that is preferred in learning organizations. littler networks being only partially connected increases the possibilities of a learning organization by leading to better utilization of internal and away knowledge .An organizations real edge comes from having complex, content reactive k nowledge. This core knowledge is found in individual, communities of delight and their connections (Krebs, 1998). Due to the wide-cut use of social networks, employees are raising the bar for company learning systems. With the ease of use and familiarity of the common social networking applications avail able i. e. MySpace, facebook, blogger, they have something to analyse it to. They expect it to be at that level or better. tender networks such(prenominal) as twitter and facebook are allowing great deal to connect with each other very pronto. Applications are becoming simple and easy to understand. With this is mind it is easier to fold up information which is a huge benefit and part of how a learning organization functions. learning must be accessible when it is needed by whomever. Bottom line if the apps are complex and difficult to utilize, people provide not use them. In learning organizations social media can take to heart four purposes easy contact, information diff usion, rating and tagging, and expert advice.First, most social networking sites allow easy accessibility to information with their search functions. Second, employees are able to provide suggestions and disseminate information rapidly. Third, information can be rated and label for future reference. Lastly, experts are able to share expertise in their dramatics to a large forum (Bersin, 2008). This customer specific is very constringe in its scope and limits the number of personnel who would look for this type of information. This designate audience makes it have a great deal more bear upon.This is basically what a learning organization needs, smaller networks connected to other smaller networks. Everyone is not dismissal to be connected to everyone. This would not be logical or how an organization functions. People are going to connect with people who have the information they require. Just like a brain, all the neurons and synapses acquiret all fire off when you listen to music or read a book. Different areas are responsible for those functions and are stimulated as needed. When thither are abnormalities in the brain problems can result in peoples behavior i. . Tourettes syndrome. According to the National Institute of neurologic Disorders and Stroke current research points to abnormalities in certain brain regions (including the basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex), the circuits that interconnect these regions, and the neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) responsible for communication among nerve cells (Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet, NINDS,2005). Smaller networks that are partially connected to each other are more functional in a learning organization.Otherwise there would be too much information to process and nothing would get accomplished. Social networking helps employees connect and share information and by doing this they are better able to utilize corporate resources. Employees who are central in key networks lea rn faster, perform better and are more committed to the organization. It has been shown that both individuals and groups are in the midst of organizational network who are not overwhelmed by direct ties are the most effective (Krebs, 1998).Hierarchy structure plays a huge role in the way learning organization functions. Learning organizations have flat decentralized organizational structures. This interconnected network of networks facilitates the dissemination of information across organizational boundaries a dramatic change from bureaucratic way of doing things. With todays advancement of information technology, flat organizations are able to use employee knowledge to solve operating problems more forthwith and quickly (Halal, 1997).Employee knowledge plays a great advantage in the corporate environment. In 1997, this knowledge accounted for 80% of all corporate assets. Yet notwithstanding this fact only 20% of this resource is used. (Halal, 1997). Advances in communications an d technology have given rise to network organizations. A network organization breaks down the hierarchical organizational chart (boxes) to one level and past connects each box to every other box. When decision making and trading operations are decentralized this allows initiative and autonomy to flourish (Friel, 2002).I dont see any potential downside to exploitation social media in a corporate environment. I think that social media can help facilitate earning by allowing users to connect with each other by using forums where they can share information, opinions and expertise. This is exactly what we are doing here at TUIU. by dint of these online courses we are connecting with other students and the professors via the threaded discussions and the water cooler. We leave comments and then individual responds to what we wrote. His is a cyclical process, it goes back and forth.In the end we all learn from each other in the process. To me each course would be a small network and we are connected to the larger organization (TUIU) via our professors. Although there are many courses in session the only one that is of interest to me is the one Im currently in. It wouldnt make much sense to participate in threaded discussions in Business morality 501. There is no need to do so. Being that TUIU is a astray distributed and has a narrowed scope and audience makes a powerful impact on how information is processed.Using the brain metaphor has added a great deal to how companies operate in regards to networking, people and how thing get accomplished. Information sharing is a big component in how learning organization performs. Each part does its own thing, but when information is needed it is readily available. The brain is very specific, time and energy is not wasted. Only those paths that are needed are activated which saves money. Machines are geared toward precision, organisms are self regulating, and brains are centered on connectivity.Referenceshttp//karlalbrech t.com/downloads/OI-WhitePaper-Albrecht.pdfhttp//www.espen.com/papers/orgbrain.htmhttp//www.skyrme.com/insights/3lrnorg.htmhttp//www.users.globalnet.co.uk/rxv/kmoi/orgint.htm

Describe Dispositional and Situational Factors in Explaining Behavior Essay

Describe the role of moorageal and dispositional factors in explaining manner Both situation and dispositional factors play a significant role in multitude explaining behavior. (in that they take to the woods the judgment on both our actions and peoples actions. ) Attribution theory, know as how people interpret and explain behavior in the social world, is closely related to these two factors. People flow to attribute behavior depending on their roles as actors or accompanyrs, known as the actor-observer effect.Milgrams psychoanalyse (1963) investigated the role of situation and dispositional factors in participants explaining their own behavior. Nine out of cardinal participants completed the line of work under the researchers authoritative pleader. The participants considered the task unethical so they attributed their negative behavior to the researchers guidance instead of the dispositional factor, such as their personality. When people explain their own behavior, they tend to attribute it to situation factors such as the interference from the authority.Zimbardo et al (1973) conducted an try out in Stanfords prison to investigate the role of actor-observer effect. Participants were assigned with both the role of prisoners or the role of nurses. In the experiment, both the guards and prisoners were very apply into their acting roles. Most of the prisoners obeyed the guards because the guards imposed violent behavior to the prisoners. It is found that the prisoners believed and attributed the guards violent behavior to the guards dispositional factor.When people observe others behavior, they usually attribute it to dispositional factor such as personality. Therefore, with the knowledge of the prison as a simulation, the prisoners still obeyed the guards like they were hearty guards who always acted violently. People usually attribute their behavior to situational factors when they perform the behavior. Whereas, people attribute others behavior to dispositional factor when they are the observers.

Sunday, February 24, 2019

Case Study of âہ“Sterling Marking Products Inc Essay

Coming into my role in 1986 to oversee the foreignistic securities industrying, Sterling had begun exporting sub-assemblies to the U.K. Sterling is now utilizing Julius Blumberg to expand sales into the US. Our sales inwardly both markets are accreditedly not living up to what the International Marketing Committee believes to be our true potential. Regarding sales within the US, Sterling needs to leverage the knowledge and information gained from doing business through and through Julius Blumberg to sanction a direct line of sales within the country. apparently being in a catalog of another company is not meeting expectations. We need to leverage the aggressive, direct sales methods we saw be given that Blumberg does not feel comfortable with this line of marketing, we should look to establish a subsidiary within the country to gain direct oversight over the operations. With c turn a loss proximity of major urban centers to our Canadian offices, I feel that this can be acco mplished with minimal try. Noting that the increase in lawyers and incorporations year over year is 10x that of Canada the possible returns outweigh the overall risk involved in seeking a more than direct refinement into the US market. Looking at the current environment in the UK, I see a different situation and path. The UK consists Sterlings high hat potential market in Europe given its legal requirements for seals and its 2.5x yearly increase in lawyers and incorporations compared to Canada. Unfortunately, with a VAT of 15%, manufacturing within the UK volition decrease overall margins.Continuing to manufacturer within Canada at our current facilities provide alleviate the VAT and only subject us to the 4.7% tariff. We will also be able to forgo any supererogatory manufacturing deftness costs, or at least delay them until we have significant market penetration. I recommend, that we approach a direct partnership with one of the tierce smaller agents in the UK market eith er Jordan, Davis, or London Law. In our approach to potential partners, we should leverage our ability to enter the market ourselves and repulse them out of the market in our contract negotiations. I would recommend that we do not approach Bolsons as we will gain more leverage on the lesser three since they would have more to lose by another major producer entering the market (ie they collar pushed out of the market completely). This partnership will allow us launch into the UK at minimal overhead costs and put us in a scenario where we can drive how our product is positioned and marketed while leveraging the local anesthetic market understanding and knowledge of the partneringcompany. Currently, we have been approached by representatives in additional countries. I highly recommend that before we move into another international market we strengthen our approach and sales penetration in the US and UK. Once successful, I believe that we should begin working towards penetration in t he Japanese market. With 82,000+ lawyers and a similar GNP per capita to Canada and the US, Japan may represent our next best opportunity to expand internationally.

Constitution Compromises Essay

To the founders of the new American nation, it was important to make sure all states of the union amazeed together. To ensure no states succeeded, many compromises were made in the ratification of the constitution, including those regarding representation and striverry, which allowed the majority of the commonwealth to be content and successfully governed the nations. Although the states populations were unequal, they all precious their fair share of say in the government the problem was they couldnt decide what that fair share was.Their decision to create a bicameral government satisfied both the sparsely and densely populated states. The little states got their representation by the Senate, while the larger states got their wishes fulfilled by the raise of Representatives. This compromise was ultimately for the better, being that a bicameral system has perks associated with it. For instance, a dual representation situation increases the chance that representatives have direct affaire with the citizens, thus representing their population better.The two houses ultimately better served their country and single-minded a conflict as well. Slavery was also an issue that proverb a lot of dispute. Generally, Abolitionists in the North wanted to abolish slavery completely however, this didnt sit right with the South, whose economy desperately depended on slaves to flourish. There were two compromises about slavery. The first compromise ended the slave trade, and the second addressed the peckering of slaves in a states population for the census, as well as taxes.Being that the northern views were already stepping on the Souths toes, they couldnt afford any run into to bring about talk of a separation from the union. Their decision to account 3/5 of a slave when apportioning taxes and representatives favored incomplete side in this dispute. This was for the better in that the southern states couldnt really argue with the decision and stayed with the Union. B ecause the compromises that were made in the making of the constitution aimed to please, they worked by ensuring all states were happy, thus more likely to listen to the government and stay in the union.

Saturday, February 23, 2019

Comparison of Booker T. Washington’s “Up from Slavery” and Web Dubois’ “The Souls of Black Folk”

Literary Devices in rhetorical Writing During a sequence period when slavery had finally have to an end, African Americans still struggled as their opportunities for equality were next to n one and only(a)xistent. In this time of hardship and unfair treatment, non many of those facing these adversities had the courage to decl atomic number 18 out on their beliefs for change booker T. uppercase and weather vane Dubois, however, did not possess such fears both thoroughly articulated their opinions and stood for what they believed was right.Booker T. capital letter and WEB Dubois sh bed a few commonalities both men were highly educated, for example, as well as they both expressed strong op rate against segregation. majuscules Up from Slavery An Autobiography and Dubois The Souls of Black Folk intimate each of these powerful historical figures views on segregation and what can be done to end it. Both of these works be excellent examples of rhetorical writing, possessing stro ng persuasive production lines.A deeper examination of these texts can be done by a coincidence of chapter fourteen of Washingtons work, entitled The capital of Georgia Exposition Address, and chapter three of Dubois The Souls of Black Folk Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others. each(prenominal) of the texts contains persuasive arguments however, each writers separate economic consumption of rhetorical strategies alludes to an effective expression of the intended theme. Booker T. Washingtons intention of diction passim The Atlanta Exposition Address reflected his level of schooling in a way that made him stand out in the African American community.His use of advanced rhetoric in comparison to the majority of the African American population made it easier for him to be spy and heard. Judging by the text, it is apparent that all three modes of persuasion are present. By mentioning his reform-related accomplishments, Washington often appeals to logos in order to rise his c redibility and prominence as a leader this appeal enhances his use of ethos, which reflects his desire to advance the African American race as a working class.Washington features an anecdote within the text, which acts as a metaphoric excuse for African Americans to realize the opportunities manual labor could potentially hold for them. The vocalize cast down your buckets where you are is especially significant in his essay to glorify common labor, referring to the abundance of resources present in this world (Washington 2).In sections pentad through seven, Washington repeatedly uses this phrase in the beginning of square sentences, exemplifying anaphora this literary gismo reiterates the significance of his words, strengthening his argument as to why freed slaves would benefit from common labor. Another literary device employed in The Atlanta Exposition Address is metonymy, which can be found in the phrase separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential t o mutual pass along, as well as in the organs of religious bodies, joined in the general chorus of condemnation or demands for retraction (Washington 2,5).This representative part-of-a-whole scheme directly links the subject to the writers key points, therefore creating a deeper connection and increasing their impact on the audience. A prominent literary device in Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others is its structure. Dubois organizes the text in a way that maximizes the effectiveness of his message, which was to point out the flaws in Washingtons propositions. He begins by explaining Booker T. Washingtons success, afterward which he provides background information on African American progress in the 1800s and leads to his own criticism of Washington.By using words such as mistakes, shortcomings, bitterness, and similar expressions disappointment of displaced demagogues and spite of narrow minds - Dubois creates a negative tone, which in the first place reflects his attitud e toward Washington himself (Dubois 2). Dubois also employs the use of lists throughout the entire chapter, which are highly effective in convincing the reader to side with the writer. For example, in the text Dubois discusses the African Americans who have higher aspirations than those of Washington, further do not vocalize them some of these unfulfilled wants are 1. the right to vote. / 2. civic equality. and 3. the program line of youth according to ability (Dubois 5). By repeatedly featuring such lists throughout Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others Dubois makes a compelling argument that there is a good deal more to strive for than what has already been accomplished by Washington. Literary devices not only make the writer stand out as an individual, but also contribute immensely to the overall message of the text. In Booker T. Washingtons The Atlanta Exposition Address, his use of diction, modes of persuasion, anaphora, and metonymy are what befriend him establish a sense of authority and respect among his readers.WEB Dubois Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others, on the other hand, features a more complex structure and tone, screen background apart his key points and allowing the reader to have a clearer understanding of his position in the argument against Washington. Washington wanted general occupations for African Americans, spell Dubois was more concerned with equality both of these great leaders were kindle in the betterment of African Americans lives, and their excellent use of literary devices are what helped their writings become memorable pieces of American history.

Physics Key Points

A pluck tidy sum do genius of quaternary things to an object 1. Make it hurrying up accelerate. 2. Make it s wretched tear decelerate. 3. salmagundi its worry. 4. Change its shape. If something is doing one of these four things there must be net issue acting upon it. Newtons First Law Every physical structure continues in a state of rest or uniform proceeding unless(prenominal)(prenominal) acted upon by an external force. Something with step up net force acting on it go forth either stay still or guide at a constant speed in a straight line until you sacrifice a force to it. F = ma Newtons Second Law F is the force in Newtons, N. m is the vision in kilograms, kg. a is the acceleration in m/s2. This shows that if you keep the mass constant and figure of speech the applied force the acceleration ordain take over. Hookes Law, elastic and plastic de specifyor F = kx An elastic signifi put upt is one that leave alone re let go to its verit fit shape when the fo rce applied to it is taken absent. A plastic (or inelastic) strong is one that stays deformed after you drive home taken the force away. If you apply too big a force a material provide lose its elasticity. In solids If a force is applied everyplace a sm entirelyer surface argona you loaf a large pressure.Pressure rear be calculated utilise the following comparison Pressure = force/argona Force exit be in Newtons, N. Area will be in either m2 or cm2. If the bea is in m2 indeed the pressure will be heedful in Pascals or N/m2. If the bea is in cm2 thus the pressure will be in N/cm2. In lucids 1. Pressure increases with depth. 2. Pressure acts equ completely(a)y in whole modes. 3. Pressure is inherited by dint of liquids. Hydraulics All hydraulics systems execute be ingest the pressure is the alike(p) with knocked out(p) the system. A really good example of this is a machine brake system. You pack to know all about this for your exams.In acceleratores Althou gh gases argon compressible (squashy) they exert a pressure because of the gas darkseticles bouncing preserve carreled things. Boyles Law For a fixed mass of gas the pressure x the peck of the gas stays the comparable. In other words, as you glut a gas its pressure will go up and its volume will blend less. Important point The temperature and mass of gas must stay the same for this to be true We give the axe write this as Pressure x volume = constant or P1V1 = P2V2 Moments Moments make things turn or rotate. They ar ca utilize by forces unless are not forces themselves. analogous forces, arcseconds dupe a manner.We say they are either clockwise or anti-clockwise, to show which way they will make something turn. The bigger the force do the turning government issue the bigger the moment will be. The further the force is from the pivot the bigger the moment will be. The size of a moment can be calculated using Moment = Force x Distance Force is mensurable in Newtons, N . Distance is heedful in either m or cm. If the exceed is in m then the moment will be deliberate in Nm. If the master(prenominal)tain is in cm then the moment will be deliberate in Ncm. Distance As we all know, the distance between dickens points is how far apart they are.In science, we normally use metres as our social unit. We oft represent how the distance between two points converts using a distance time graph. accelerate cannonball on is how unwavering something is going. It is how quickly something covers a authoritative distance and can be campaigned out using the equation Speed = distance/time Acceleration This is how quickly something gets red-hot. So if you were running and get 1m/s faster every second you would have had an acceleration of 1 m per second per second. We normally write this 1 m/s2. We perish out by the equation Acceleration = remove in speed/time takenFrequency, castlength, amplitude and time period are utilize to describe turn overs. Waves can be transverse or longitudinal. Transverse waves the shakiness is at right angles to the wave motion, e. g. light, water waves and the electromagnetic spectrum waves. Longitudinal waves the vibe is parallel to the wave motion, e. g. perish and some universequake waves. Wave Speed (m/s) = Frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) Reflection is the bouncing of waves off a surface. at that place are collar principles of reproach that you need to know. 1. The angle of incidence of all time equals the angle or reflection. 2.The distance from the object to mirror is the same as the distance from the mirror to the image. 3. The image is ever the same size as the object that is laterally inverted. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it goes from one substance into another. Refraction happens because the speed and wavelength of the wave changes as the wave goes into the other substance. The frequency of the wave stays the same. Total internal reflection happens when the angl e of incidence, of a wave going from a substance into air, is great than the critical angle. The wave bounces off the boundary, obeying the recovers of reflection.Dispersion of white light produces a spectrum. This is ca employ by refraction. climb down of different frequencies is refracted by different amounts. Red is refracted the to the lowest degree and violet the near. This causes white light to be split up into seperate colours. Diffraction is the airing out of a wave as it goes by dint of a gap, or around an object. The smaller the gap or the larger the wavelength the greater the diffraction. Diffraction is nearly in force(p) when the size of the gap is approximately the same as the wavelength of the wave. You will need to be able to draw diagrams showing how waves reflect, refract and diffract. proceed waves are cause by particles vibrating. The frequency of the vibration decides the pitch of the sound. The amplitude of the vibrations decides the tawdriness of the sound. Ultrasound waves are high frequency sound waves, which are beyond the human hearing range. Ultrasound is used for seeing babies in the womb, detection cracks in metal and cleaning instruments. Waves can be represented on an scope screen, which can be used to valuate the characteristics of the waves. You should be able to stripping the amplitude and time period of a wave from an oscilloscope screen.The electromagnetic spectrum is a serial publication of waves that all move at the same speed in a vacuum. They are all transverse. separately part of the spectrum has different uses and dangers. Each part of the spectrum has a different frequency and wavelength. da Gamma waves are at the high frequency end of the spectrum. Radio waves are at the low frequency end. You will need to know the uses and dangers of severally part of the spectrum. Different surfaces and materials absorb different frequencies of waves. White surfaces reflect close waves. Black surfaces absorb most waves. Information can be carried along copper cables as galvanising signals, or long optical fibres as electromagnetic wave pulses. optical fibres have advantages over copper cables. Optical fibres can carry to a greater extent information the signals can travel faster and lose less vim as they travel along the cable. at that place are two types of signals, analogue and digital. Analogue signals have a regular range of values. Digital signals have save two values, on (1) and off (0). Digital signals have advantages over analogue signals. Digital signals are easier to station as they are less affected by noise it is as well as possible to send more information, in a sealed time, as a digital signal than as an anologue signal.Types of pushing goose egg can not be created or destroyed it can only change from one form into another. at that place are galore(postnominal) types of dexterity including, sound alter light kinetic nuclear potential readiness energizing zippo is front end energy. Potential energy is investment companyd energy. There are three important forms of potential energy including gravitational, chemical and elastic. Sankey diagrams can be used to represent energy changes. The size of the arrows represents the amount of that type of energy. Energy is measured in Joules, J or kilojoules, kJ. Conduction Heat energy everlastingly moves from hotter objects to colder objects.Heat energy is conducted through solids by particles vibrating and passing on the movement to neighbouring particles. Metals are best at conducting awaken. As well as the vibrating particles, they move the heat up energy by free electrons moving between their atoms. The poorest directors are gases as their molecules are too far apart to affect each(prenominal) other much. Air is a very bad conductor. Most insulators train because of trapped air. Convection Convection is hot gases or liquids rising and cooler gases and liquids sinking to tack it. As substances heat up the density decreases, which is what makes them float.This movement of molecules is called a convection live. It can only happen in a gas or liquid where the molecules are free to move around. Radiation Radiated heat energy is unseeable radiation. All hot objects radiate heat. Black, dull surfaces are the best emitters of heat radiation. Lighter, shinier surfaces are poor radiators of heat. Radiated heat can overly be preoccupied by cooler objects. Black is the best absorber. Surfaces coloured silver or white will reflect the radiated heat. Ways to save energy in the home Reducing heat losses from a home path less damage to the environment and depress heating bills.Installing separation costs money. The payback time is how long it takes for the savings to cover the cost. Each strategy has to reduce conduction, convection, radiation or any combination of them. leafy vegetable strategies are double-glazing, loft insulation, tank lagging, lined curtains, cavi ty wall insulation, block up up disused fireplaces and putting foil exactlytocks radiators. Other preservation strategies hold using of low-energy light bulbs, turning down heating thermostats, sufficient draught excluders and switching off unattended appliances. Non-renewable fires and power postThe fogy fuels are oil, gas and coal. They are non-renewable, which means that they can not be replaced. They will reddentually run out. These fuels have more uses but the main ones are heating, transport and generating electrical energy. In power stations, the fuel is burnt and the heat turns water into steam. That steam pushes around a turbine that is connected to a beginning. The generator produces electricity. This mould is the same for all power stations. Nuclear power stations dont burn the fuel. Uranium fuel sustains heat that turns water into steam reasonable like in other power stations.Nuclear accidents are rare, but can be serious. The go off from the reactors can b e radioactive. It is easy to store it safely for now but it will stay radioactive for years. environmental impacts of burning fuels Carbon dioxide is the most common of several gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The result is global warming. This would result in the weather world more extreme and the ice caps releaseing raising the sea levels. Sulphur dioxide is the most common cause of panelling rain. It dissolves in rainwater to form an acid. The acid rain harms plants, animals and stone bailiwick.Alternative energy sources Most of the alternative energy sources are renewable. This means there is either an endless supply of them so that they will not run out, or they can be easily replaced. hydroelectric power is only possible where the geology is right, such as Scotland. Water runs fast down an incline and turns a turbine. Some developing countries get all their energy from HEP schemes on large dams. The large lake do behind the dam drastically alters the surrou ndings. Waves and tides have a lot of energy. Few schemes endure because of technological problems and environmental objections.Solar power converts the suns energy into electricity using solar panels. These panels are expensive to make. Wind farms are groups of wind turbines that generate electricity from wind. Some commonwealth dont like wind farms because they spoil the gaze or make a noise. Geothermal energy uses the natural heat in volcanic rock to generate electricity. Gas called methane is produced when matter rots. This gas can be used to generate heat to produce electricity. enthusiastic combat is not a way to avoid pollution but it does preserve fossil fuels as well as avoid rubbish having to be put in landfill sites.Crops can be grown to be burnt in a power station. Another version of this is to process the crops into alcohol and use it instead of petrol in cars. Work is do whenever a force acts over a distance, e. g. a car ride produces a forward force to move the car a certain distance. Energy is measured in Joules, J. The work done or energy transferred can be calculated using Work done or energy = force x distance When working out the work done the force must be in the same direction as the movement. If more than one force is acting in that direction then the resultant force must be used.Kinetic energy is the amount of movement energy an object has. Kinetic energy can be calculated using Kinetic energy = ? x mass x velocity2 Gravitational potential energy is the extra amount of stored energy an object has because it is higher up. GPE can be calculated using Change in gravitational potential energy = mass x staidness x change in height This is the same thing as GPE = weight x height Power is the rate at which work is done, or in other words, the amount of energy transferred per second. Power is measured in Watts, W or J/s. Power can be calculated usingPower = energy transferred / time taken Or Power = work done / time taken Energy is a g reat deal lost to the surroundings as heat energy. This is wasted energy as it cannot be easily used again. Efficiency tells us how much energy is wasted when an energy transfer has happened. The more efficient something is the less energy that is wasted. Efficiency can be calculated using Power out/power in*100 =efficiency in % Energy out/energy in*100=efficiency in % Static electrical energy Static Charge Static charge is a charge that cant move. There are two kinds optimistic (+) and negative (-).All atoms contain positive particles (protons) and negative particles (electrons) but because they contain the same physical body of protons and electrons they have no overall charge. Static electricity is caused by an atom having too many or too few electrons (e-). A Van de Graff Generator is a machine that generates huge amounts of static charge, by rubbing electrons off a roller and depositing them on the metal dome. Induction and Earthing The basic rule you need to know is that lik e charges repel and opposite charges attract. Induction This is the effect caused when a charged object causes electrons in another object to move.This causes the neutral object to become attracted to the charged object. Earthing If enough charge builds up on an insulator, the charge can leap the gap, causing a spark. This can be prevented by discharging the object, gradually. This is called earthing. Useful Static Static electricity is used in many useful machines like photocopiers and smoke stacks (to exact pollution from the smoke). Nasty Static If clouds get charged up enough, you get lightning, the biggest spark of all. Static can also be dangerous when refuelling aircraft. The fuel rubs against the side of the hose and lots of charge builds up.If the plane isnt earthed, the spark can blow the plane up. Basic Circuits up-to-the-minute, electromotive force and Resistances Current This is a measure of the flow of electrons around a turn (measured in Amperes or Amps). Volt age This is a measure of how much energy the electrons are carrying around the tour of duty (measured in Volts). Resistance This is a measure of how hard it is for the purple to travel through a part of the lick (measured in Ohms). Direction trouble Current flows from the positive (+ve) terminal of the battery to the negative (-ve). This is called conventional on-line(prenominal) flow.The problem is, electrons are negatively charged, so they want to get away from the -ve and go to the +ve. So if electrons are going left to right, you say that the sure is going right to left. Circuits An ammeter inevitably to measure the flow of charge, so it is in series. This means that all the charge has to flow through it and can be counted. It also means that an ammeter needs to have a very low resistance. A voltmeter measures voltage across a component, which you may have perceive as potential difference. This means it is in parallel and it also needs a high resistance (otherwise all the current would flow through the meter instead f the component). Series Circuits Current in series same all the way round (all the current has to flow through everything). Voltage in series voltages across each component lead up to the numerate voltage supplied by the battery, as they have to character the voltage between them (A) = (B) + (C) in the diagram. Higher resistances will need more of the voltage. Final point resistors in series To work out the total resistance of two resistors, just add them together. This is because the current has to go through both of them. Parallel Circuits Voltage in parallel all voltages the same.Current in parallel the current is shared out between the processes, but recombines near the battery. In the diagram (A) = (B) + (C) = (D). How much current each branch gets depends on the individual resistors bigger resistance = lower current. Resistance in parallel you dont normally have to work out numbers, but the rule of thumb is that the total resistance of two resistors in parallel is less than the lowest individual resistor. Circuit Symbols Cells and Batteries strictly speaking one cell represents 1. 5V, but of you write the voltage above it (e. g. 6V), most people will at a lower placestand the cell has 6 volts. Power Supplies come in all shapes and sizes just label them as you want. Switches several types, Ive shown the main two that you will come across Lamps/Bulbs either symbol could be used it doesnt matter. Resistors a few types Fixed, Variable (you can change the resistance), Thermistor (as it gets hotter, its resistance decreases) and Light Dependent Resistor or LDR (the more light that shines on it, the lower its resistance gets). Diode A diode is like an electrical valve, it only lets current flow one way.If it is connected with the arrow pointing to the negative terminal, current can easily flow, if it is the other way round, it will block the current. A LED or Light Emitting Diode is just the same turf out it gives off light Ohmmeter is connected directly to a resistor, of any kind, to find its resistance (no other circuit is used with it) Check in your course to see if there are anymore you need to know drive in Your Formulae Ohms Law The equity actually says that the resistance of a metal conductor is the same whatever the current unless its getting hotter.However most people think of these equations when the law gets mentioned V=IR and so on, Voltage (V) in Volts, Current (I) in Amps and Resistance (R) in Ohms. Charge (Q) in Coulombs, cartridge clip (t) in seconds and Power (P) in Watts. Always remember to show all your working out, including writing the formula properly (not just the triangle ) and hold offing your units (e. g. check for mV or kW instead of V or W) Prefixes These are little letters added to units to make them a different size, but always use the base unit if unsure.Base units are given in the twingeics, the ones to watch for are time (seconds) and mass (kilograms not grams). Prefixes Name comfort Example M Mega x 1,000,000 1MW = 1,000,000W k kilo x 1,000 1kg = 1,000g c centi ? 100 1cm = 0. 01m m milli ? 1,000 1ms = 0. 001s Mains Supply (AC and DC)We use two main sorts of electrical supplies, DC and AC. DC This is Direct Current. The current flows in one direction only and has a consistent value. Provided by batteries or DC adaptors/transformers that stack into the mains supply. AC This is Alternating Current. The current flows first one way then the other at a frequency of 50Hz. AC is what comes out of the mains sockets, unremarkably at around 240V. The Ring Main This is the name given to the circuit in your home. You only need to know that it is a parallel circuit and that the lighting circuit is separate from the circuit for sockets.The National Grid This is the circuit that carries electricity all around the country, from the power stations to homes and businesses. Producing the Power Energy is produced by burning f uel which turns water to steam, this drives a turbine, which make electricity via a generator. This electricity is a very high voltage and is passed over the National grid to a step down station then passed straight to your home. Why the High Voltage? High voltage is used over the National grid, to keep current low. This stops energy being wasted. Energy and the Cost Kilowatt-hours (kWh)The kilowatt-hour is the common unit used by energy companies to measure electricity. This is a unit of energy not power or time. It is the amount of energy if a 1kW appliance was left on for 1 hour. The Cost 1kWh of electrical energy costs around 6p, though it may change depending on your supplier. So multiplying the number of Kilowatt-hours you use by the unit cost (approx 6p), give you the total cost of the electricity you use. Safety A common question is to give you a picture of domestic joy and get you to identify the hazards, such as the person sticking their fingers in the toaster. Things to look for are . bad wiring, 2. water near appliances, 3. too many double plugs/adaptors, 4. Frayed wires. Just use your common sense and you should get some easy marks Wiring a Plug unitary big problem used to be wiring plugs. By law now, all new appliances are fitted with one already, which helps, but you do need to know whats going on inside there Fuses Fuses help cheer the circuit against faults. The key thing is to get the wire just thick enough to carry the current you want, but thin enough to melt if there is a current surge. Fuse Ratings Common sizes are 3, 5 and 13Amp fuses, but there are many others.Always choose one slightly higher than the current rating of the appliance, so that it doesnt blow under normal conditions. Circuit Breakers Fuses are not always effective at protecting you, so circuit breakers are also used. They automatically compare the current entering and leaving the circuit and even if there is the tiniest difference they trip off. Earth The Earth (yes, I do mean our planet) is very good at soaking up loose charge. The earth in your house is probably connected to the plumbing (goes to ground) or a large metal spike in the ground somewhere. Double breakupIf something is completely cased in an insulator, like plastic, it is said to be double insulated, and does not need earthing. You cant get a shock from the case Atoms are made up of protons electrons Neutrons. Protons and neutrons are in the meat and the electrons orbit the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge and neutrons have no charge. The shape of the atom was discovered using the alpha-scattering audition. This showed the original plum-pudding beat to be wrong Atomic notation is used to describe atoms. The top number is the mass or nucleon number.It tells us how many protons and neutrons there are in the nucleus. The bottom number is the proton or atomic number, which tells us how many protons are in the nucleus. During reactions the total number of protons and neutrons must stay the same. Isotopes of an ingredient have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. It is this different number of neutrons that makes some isotopes unstable and radioactive. These isotopes are called radioisotopes. ionization is where an electron is removed from a neutral atom, leaving the atom with a positive charge.Radiation causes ionisation. This can be used to detect radiation, as the amount of ionisation can be measured with a Geiger-Muller tube. ionisation can damage or kill living cells, this can cause cancer to develop. Alpha particles, beta particles and gamma waves are the three main types of radiation emitted during radioactive decay. All three types of radiation are emitted from the nucleus of the atom. When radiation is emitted the unstable atom loses energy to become more stable. If alpha or beta particles are emitted, new elements are formed because of the change in the number of pro tons in the nucleus.Alpha, beta and gamma radiation all behave slightly differently due to the way they are made up. Alpha ionises the most over a small distance but is not very penetrating. Gamma is the most penetrating but ionises less over the same distance. Decay equations can be used to work out what new daughter element will be produced when radioactive decay takes place. Safety precautions must be taken when handling radioactive substances. These include, using long handled tongs, pointing sources away from people, wearing lead lined clothing, not inhaling or eating sources.The half(prenominal)-life of a substance is the time it takes for half of the original parent atoms to decay. It is also the time it takes for the count rate of a substance to fall to half the original value. Radiation is used in medicine to cure cancer, in industry to detect the thickness of materials and in dating. Background radiation is radiation that is produced around us all of the time. Sources inc lude certain rocks, cosmic radiation, radon gas in the air, nuclear waste and experiments, medical uses and some foods. The background radiation needs to be subtracted from experiment results on radioactivity.